Johannes Itten, born in Switzerland, was very influential in forming a new way to classify color. Early in his career he was a schoolteacher, but after becoming bored with this role he enrolled into the Ecole des Beaux-Arts and later studied under Eugene Gillard. In the early 1900's, Itten went to teach at the Bauhaus where his interest in mysticism and color excelled. It was in this new environment surrounded by other avant garde artists that Itten created his color theory.
In the Art Of Color, Itten created color wheels in the shapes of stars, spheres, and circles where he hoped to, " to provide a clear and complete map of the world of color." He used his scientific knowledge along with his interest in psychology and mysticism to develop a way to organize color. He emphasized the individual and taught color perception was unique to the individual. Color harmony was also a staple of his teachings which looked into balance and symmetry. Itten was also very interested in the psychological implications of colors.
Itten was an extremely influential person in the forming of the Bauhaus and how we view color today. For various reasons, Itten was forced to resign in 1923 and was replaced by Moholy-Nagy. Later, he went to open his own art and architecture school in Berlin.
Sources: http://www.dezignare.com/newsletter/Johannes_Itten.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johannes_Itten
http://members.tripod.com/~FroebelWeb/web2018.html
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